水泥砂浆基体中玄武岩纤维的拔出试验研究

纤维与水泥砂浆间界面粘结性能是影响纤维混凝土宏观力学性能的重要因素.通过一系列单根玄武岩纤维拔出试验,考虑了三种不同纤维埋置深度(6 mm、9 mm、12 mm)和三种不同水灰比的水泥砂浆基体(0.40、0.49、0.65)两个因素的影响,得到了玄武岩纤维从水泥砂浆基体被拔出时的荷载位移曲线,确定了埋置深度为12 mm时界面粘结最强.最后通过宏观力学性能试验研究了12 mm长度下玄武岩纤维的掺量对混凝土宏观力学性能的影响.     

Stabilizing temperature-capacitance dependence of (Sr,Pb, Bi)TiO3-Bi4Ti3O12 solutions for energy storage

(1-x)Sr_0.7Pb_0.15Bi_0.1TiO₃-xBi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ((1-x)SPBT-xBIT, x = 0-0.125) bulk ceramics were developed and calcined via the solid-state method, aimed at the application of pulsed power capacitors. The phase structures, temperature stability, hysteresis loop, and discharge properties were systematically investigated. Considering both the temperature stability and dielectric properties, 0.925SPBT-0.075BIT bulk ceramics with a capacitance variation satisfying the X7R specification were developed for pulsed power capacitors. The energy storage density was 0.252 J/cm³, and the ceramics showed high temperature stability at 80 kV/cm. The discharge current waveforms of the 0.925SPBT-0.075BIT ceramics were recorded. A high discharge power density of approximately 1.01 × 10⁸ W/kg with an 8 Ω load resistor and short discharge period of 84 ns were achieved at 50 kV/cm. The good temperature stability properties and high power density show that the 0.925SPBT-0.075BIT ceramics are well suited for pulsed power capacitors with a wide temperature range.     

重水浓度与吸光度关系曲线类型研究

重水作为反应堆的慢化材料，其浓度直接影响反应堆的安全和性能。为研究其重水浓度与吸光度间的关系曲线类型，基于朗伯-比尔定律，从理论上推导出液态重水中某种水分子的红外吸收峰分别与0~2种其他水分子的红外吸收峰发生重叠时重水浓度与吸光度间的关系式，分情况对二者之间的关系曲线类型进行讨论。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，测得浓度为0.015%~99.98%（摩尔比）的重水标准样品吸收光谱，对重水浓度和吸光度间的关系曲线类型进行验证，理论推导与实际吻合。研究表明，一般情况下，宽浓度范围内，重水浓度与吸光度间的关系曲线类型为二次曲线；窄浓度范围内，关系曲线类型为线性。特殊情况下，吸光度为定值或关系曲线类型为线性。     

FeNi@SiO2磁性纳米复合粒子的制备及磁热性能

大量制备磁热性能优异的磁性纳米粒子对磁热疗和组织复温的生物学应用具有理论价值.本研究通过高温电弧法制备FeNi磁性纳米颗粒,通过超声-沉降分级筛分得到平均粒径为80 nm的FeNi纳米颗粒,通过溶胶-凝胶法得到平均粒径为100 nm,SiO2壳层厚度为15～20 nm的FeNi@SiO2纳米复合粒子.超导量子干涉仪测定FeNi@SiO2纳米复合粒子饱和磁化强度Ms为80 emu/g.模拟磁热疗条件下,FeNi@SiO2磁性纳米粒升温速率为3.6℃/min,满足磁热疗应用要求.模拟组织复温条件下,FeNi@SiO2磁性纳米粒升温速率为61.8℃/min.磁性复合纳米粒子在不同溶剂、不同温区条件都显示了良好的热性能,可作为温度激活剂应用于磁热疗及冷冻组织的复温.本研究对磁性纳米材料的生物学应用研究具有一定的参考价值.     

Four phenolic acids from purple sweet potato and their effects on physicochemical,digestive and structural characteristics of starch

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was employed to investigate free phenols that were released from purple sweet potato (PSP) by alkaline, acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. Four phenolic acids, including ferulic, isoferulic, 4-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acids, were identified. Based on their effects on the characteristics of purple sweet potato starch (PSPS), the four phenolic acids were studied. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to explore the microstructures of the complexes of the phenolic acids and PSPS. The obtained results demonstrated that the pasting, thermal, retrogradation, as well as digestive properties of PSPS were all influenced by the phenolic acids which interacted with PSPS through noncovalent hydrogen bonds. The influence of the four phenolic acids on the properties of PSPS was in the descending order: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid > ferulic acid > caffeic acid > isoferulic acid.     

基于智能传感技术的光伏电站智慧运行

针对光伏电站的装机规模不断扩大,现在的运维模式将制约未来光伏电站发展的问题,为提高光伏电站的运行管理水平,提升"运、维、检"的效率和质量,将智能传感器技术、数字化技术、大数据分析技术等技术融入光伏电站,使光伏电站的运行变得越来越智慧.     

A general mechanistic model for predicting the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments

A mechanistic model that considers particle dynamics and their effects on surface emissions and sorptions was developed to predict the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments. A controlled case study was conducted in a test house to evaluate the model. The model‐predicted evolving concentrations of benzyl butyl phthalate in indoor air and settled dust and on interior surfaces are in good agreement with measurements. Sensitivity analysis was performed to quantify the effects of parameter uncertainties on model predictions. The model was then applied to a typical residential environment to investigate the fate of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and the factors that affect its transport. The predicted steady‐state DEHP concentrations were 0.14 μg/m³ in indoor air and ranged from 80 to 46 000 μg/g in settled dust on various surfaces, which are generally consistent with the measurements of previous studies in homes in different countries. An increase in the mass concentration of indoor particles may significantly enhance DEHP emission and its concentrations in air and on surfaces, whereas increasing ventilation has only a limited effect in reducing DEHP in indoor air. The influence of cleaning activities on reducing DEHP concentration in indoor air and on interior surfaces was quantified, and the results showed that DEHP exposure can be reduced by frequent and effective cleaning activities and the removal of existing sources, though it may take a relatively long period of time for the levels to drop significantly. Finally, the model was adjusted to identify the relative contributions of gaseous sorption and particulate‐bound deposition to the overall uptake of semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) by indoor surfaces as functions of time and the octanol‐air partition coefficient (K_oa) of the chemical. Overall, the model clarifies the mechanisms that govern the emission of phthalates and the subsequent interactions among air, suspended particles, settled dust, and interior surfaces. This model can be easily extended to incorporate additional indoor source materials/products, sorption surfaces, particle sources, and room spaces. It can also be modified to predict the fate and transport of other SVOCs, such as phthalate‐alternative plasticizers, flame retardants, and biocides, and serves to improve our understanding of human exposure to SVOCs in indoor environments.     

Efficacy of thyme oil-alginate-based coating in reducing foodborne pathogens on fresh-cut apples

In this study, the inhibition of an alginate-based edible coating (EC) containing thyme oil (0.05%, 0.35% and 0.65%) was evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto fresh-cut apples. To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of thyme oil, the constituent compounds of that were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the cellular damage of pathogens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that alginate-based EC containing thyme oil effectively inhibited the growth of pathogens on fresh-cut apples. GC-MS analysis revealed thymol (47.23%) as the major compounds in thyme oil. SEM showed that the cell membrane of foodborne pathogens was damaged by thyme oil, causing their inactivation. Treatment with alginate-based EC containing 0.05% thyme oil preserved the sensory characteristics of fresh-cut apples. Therefore, using alginate-based EC with thyme oil may represent a potential approach to preserve and enhance the safety of fresh-cut apples.